Leghorn Breed Guide
Erica Lynn Geller
Leghorn Breed Guide
Chicken keepers often prefer a breed that combines hardiness, high egg production and a splash of personality, which is why so many choose Leghorns. Renowned for their sharp white feathers and energetic personalities, Leghorns have earned a reputation for being one of the most efficient and popular egg-laying breeds you can get.
In addition to offering live chickens and a full lineup of poultry supplies, Tractor Supply provides resources about dozens of chicken breeds, including this guide that highlights everything you need to know about Leghorns.
Quick Facts
Breed type: Eggs
Egg color: White
Pen or free-range: Both
Temperament: Active, energetic, alert and a bit flighty; not typically cuddly
Leghorn quick facts:
- Lifespan: 5-8 years
- Weight: Females (hens): 4.5 lb.; Males (roosters): 6 lb.
- Appearance: Sleek body, upright posture, large single red comb, long tail feathers; plumage varies, including White, Brown, Blue Breasted Brown, and Sliver
- Egg production: 280-300 eggs per year
- Good for beginners: Yes, if you’re prepared for active, fast-moving birds
Key Takeaways
This prolific egg-laying breed produces 280-300 large white eggs per year.
Leghorns are energetic birds that thrive in both free-range and well-managed coop environments.
They can be spotted by their sleek, upright posture, glossy plumage, large comb and long tail feathers.
Their small body size contributes to their excellent feed-to-egg conversion.
If given enough room, these chickens are easy to care for, making them ideal for beginners and seasoned keepers alike.
History of Leghorn Chickens
The breed’s origins can be traced back to the Tuscan region of Italy, where it was prized for its egg-laying abilities. Originally called “Livornese” after the port city of Livorno, these chickens first arrived in the United States in the early 1800s. Leghorns quickly became one of the most popular breeds in American poultry, highly regarded for their remarkable egg production, efficient feed-to-egg conversion and resilience in a variety of climates. In 1874, the American Poultry Association designated Leghorn chickens as a standard breed.
Even though they are reliable layers and hardy birds, breeders have, over time, enhanced their traits through selective breeding. This has led to the sleek white plumage and upright posture most associated with the breed today. While their energetic and sometimes flighty tendencies remain, Leghorns continue to be celebrated worldwide for their unmatched egg-laying performance, solidifying them as a staple in poultry history. Their traits have propelled Leghorns to become one of the most important laying breeds – and one of the most widely used in both commercial and backyard settings.
Temperament of Leghorns and Other Things to Know
Leghorns offer significant value for backyard flocks and small-scale farms, thanks to their personalities and adaptability. Here’s what you should know before adding these birds to your flock:
Personality and Activity Level
These chickens are known for being active, alert and highly curious. They love to forage and explore when given the opportunity, which is why they do well in free-range environments. However, they are independent and can be a bit flighty, especially after sudden movements and loud noises. Their skittish nature means they don’t tolerate handling as well as other breeds.
Leghorns are very energetic, requiring space to roam or access to a large run. If confined in a coop without enrichment opportunities, they often become bored and restless. This can lead to harmful behaviors, such as bullying, pecking and egg-eating. Daily opportunities for foraging and safe free-ranging help to keep these chickens happy and healthy.
Adaptability
Leghorn chickens adapt well to a range of climates with proper care, thriving best in warmer conditions. That’s because their smaller bodies and large combs (fleshy cap on top of a chicken's head) make them sensitive to extreme cold, increasing the risk of frostbite. As a keeper, it is imperative that you provide suitable shelter from harsh winter weather.
Social Behavior
While not overly aggressive by nature, Leghorns prefer space within a flock. They often coexist well with other active birds but may outcompete more docile chickens for food if not monitored. Leghorns tend to be higher in the pecking order, but they can be included in a mixed flock when introduced properly and given ample room.
Expert tip: If you are introducing Leghorns to an existing flock, do it gradually. Start with a separate pen or barrier, allowing the new birds and current residents to see and interact with each other from a safe distance. Allow supervised visits over a week or two to reduce stress and conflict. Remember: happy introductions lead to harmonious coop mates.
Appearance and Egg Characteristics
Leghorns are best known for their sleek bodies, active nature and production. As a keeper, having a good understanding of their physical traits and egg-laying abilities helps you provide proper care and optimize your flock’s performance.
Physical Characteristics
Leghorns are a lightweight breed, built for efficiency rather than meat production. Roosters typically weigh around 6 lb., while hens are about 4.5 lb. They use their long, bright yellow legs and yellow beaks to their advantage for foraging. The breed’s single comb and wattles (fleshy, red flaps of skin hanging from the chicken’s beak) help it regulate body temperature, but they are still vulnerable to frostbite in very cold climates.
Appearance
These chickens are often described as elegant birds. Their sleek bodies, posture, long tails and smooth, glossy plumage help them stand out in a mixed flock. The most common type is white, but other color variations exist, including brown, buff, black and spotted varieties. Their close-fitting feathers provide a streamlined look, and their alert stance gives them the appearance that they are always on their toes.
Egg Production
If there’s one thing to know about this breed, it’s their egg production. These hens pump out impressive production numbers, typically laying 280-300 large white eggs per year. These numbers make Leghorns one of the most prolific laying breeds. In addition to how many eggs they lay, Leghorn hens are valued for their consistency, even in varied climates.
Expert tip: A well-lit coop during the winter months goes a long way in maximizing egg production. Use timers to provide supplemental soft light (14-16 hours each day) to mimic daytime, stimulating consistent laying.
Health and Care
Leghorns lean on their hardiness and resilience, but they still require care to stay healthy and productive. Knowing the breed’s health needs and care specifications ensures happy birds that will reward you with a steady supply of eggs.
Housing and Environment
Properly caring for your Leghorns requires appropriate housing. They thrive in a clean, well-ventilated coop with security measures that protect them from predators. Adequate space is key for this breed, as crowded conditions can lead to stress and aggression. Provide at least 3-4 sq. ft. of coop space per bird and 8-10 sq. ft. in an outdoor run, but more is always better, especially since they are active and flighty.
Leghorns prefer free ranging but need a safe space to roost at night. Recommended roosting space is about 8 in. per bird. Make sure the coop is dry, and bedding is replaced regularly to prevent respiratory concerns and pest infestations.
Nutrition
Similar to all chicken breeds, a balanced diet is essential for the health and egg production of Leghorns. Provide them with the correct poultry feed that matches their life stage, supplemented with occasional poultry treats, greens, grains and calcium to support strong eggshells. You will also want to make sure fresh water is always available, as dehydration can affect egg-laying.
Common Health Concerns
Even the hardiest of chickens are still prone to health concerns, and Leghorns are no different. Issues most associated with the breed include:
Frostbite: Their large combs and wattles are vulnerable in cold climates. Therefore, extra precautions during winter may be necessary, such as a coop heater.
Parasites: Keep an eye out for mites, lice and worms. Routine coop cleaning, dust baths and pest control products help prevent infestations from forming and spreading.
Respiratory illnesses: Ensure good ventilation and avoid overcrowding to reduce the risk of infections.
Expert tip: Proper chicken care should include routine health checks. Pay attention to changes in behavior, appetite and egg production, as these can be early signs of health issues. Also, encourage natural foraging whenever possible. Letting Leghorns scratch and roam in safe areas not only provides exercise and mental stimulation but also reduces stress, improves feather quality and supports digestive health.
Care for Leghorns and Other Chickens with Tractor Supply
Caring for Leghorns and other poultry begins with the right equipment and accessories from our inventory. We ensure you have everything you need to create a healthy and safe environment that encourages production. Get the poultry supplies you need today when you shop at your local Tractor Supply store or browse our selection online.
Frequently Asked Questions About Leghorn Chickens
Are Leghorns beginner-friendly?
Yes, they are hardy and excellent layers, rewarding attentive keepers with high volumes of production. They are active and can be flighty, so you should provide plenty of space and be patient when handling them.
How many eggs do Leghorns lay?
Leghorn hens lay around 280-300 large white eggs per year.
What is the lifespan of a Leghorn?
The lifespan of a leghorn depends on several factors, including care, nutrition and environment. Typically, these birds live for 5-8 years.
Are Leghorns better suited for free-range or confinement?
Leghorns thrive in free-range environments where they can forage and express their energetic, flighty nature. However, they are adaptable and can tolerate confinement if provided ample space, enrichment and secure fencing.