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[Home](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/cms/life-out-here) 2. [The Barn](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/cms/life-out-here/the-barn) 3. [Horse](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/cms/life-out-here/the-barn/horse) 4. Hernias in Horses # Hernias in Horses: Types, Risks and When Surgery Is Needed Sep 30, 2026[](https://www.tractorsupply.com)  # __Hernias in Horses__ When hernias occur in horses, they can range from mild, manageable injuries to serious, life-threatening emergencies. For owners, trainers and handlers, understanding what a hernia is and recognizing early warning signs is crucial to the outcome. Gain a better understanding of hernias in horses, including the different types, how they develop and the proper course of action, to help you make informed decisions and take timely action when it matters most. #### Key Takeaways - Hernias in horses occur when tissue pushes through a weak point in the muscle or abdominal wall, and they can range from mild to serious. - Umbilical and inguinal hernias are the most common types, with foals often affected by umbilical hernias and adult males more prone to inguinal hernias. - Diagnosis relies heavily on veterinary examination and imaging, which help determine which tissues are involved and whether the blood supply is compromised. - Complex or surgical hernia cases should be handled by a board-certified equine surgeon (Dipl. ACVS) or a veterinary teaching hospital with equine surgery capability. - Treatment varies from close monitoring to emergency surgery, but prompt veterinarian involvement is always required. ### __What Are Hernias in Horses?__ A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue (usually the intestines) pushes through a weak spot or opening in the muscle or connective tissue, which normally holds it in place. This creates a bulge or protrusion that may be visible under the skin. However, in some cases, hernias can remain hidden, depending on where they are located and the severity of the condition. In horses, hernias can develop in several ways, including congenital defects in the abdominal wall present at birth or acquired injuries that develop later in life due to trauma, strain or surgery. Hernias can vary widely in seriousness, with some involving only a portion of fatty tissue slipping through the defect and causing little to no discomfort. In more severe cases, the hernia can involve parts of the intestine or abdominal organs, increasing the likelihood of complications, such as reduced blood flow and intestinal obstruction.  Hernias are generally classified based on their location and cause, with the most common types being: #### Umbilical Hernias Umbilical hernias, the most common type, are most often seen in foals during the first 6 weeks of life, occurring at or near the navel (umbilicus), where the umbilical cord was attached at birth. Seen as a soft bulge on the belly, these hernias develop when the abdominal wall does not close completely after birth, allowing fat or portions of the intestine to push through.  Many small umbilical hernias will reduce naturally as the foal’s abdominal muscles strengthen, and meaningful improvement is often seen within the first few months. Hernias less than 1 inch in diameter may be managed with frequent manual reduction and close monitoring. However, hernias that have not shown clear improvement by approximately 4 months of age are generally candidates for surgical evaluation – Texas A&M’s Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital identifies this as the threshold for surgical consideration in small hernias. Waiting beyond this point narrows treatment options and increases the risk of complications. Large hernias greater than two inches require more urgent evaluation regardless of age. #### Inguinal Hernias Inguinal hernias are considered more severe, occurring in the groin area when the inguinal ring becomes enlarged or weakened. The inguinal ring is a natural opening in the abdominal wall. In male horses, the inguinal canal, which is the passage between the outer and inner inguinal rings, allows structures, such as the spermatic cord, blood vessels and nerves, to pass from the abdomen to the scrotum.   Under normal conditions, the inguinal ring is tight enough to keep abdominal contents securely inside the abdomen. When the ring becomes weakened or enlarged, abdominal tissue can slip through the opening and into the animal’s scrotum. For male horses, including stallions and foals, this type of hernia is often referred to as a scrotal hernia. Females are not immune to this type of hernia; however, it is less common in females than in males. These types of hernias often develop after strenuous exercise, such as racing and other equine sports, and they usually present themselves as sudden swelling in the groin (females) or scrotum (males). Because inguinal hernias often involve intestinal blockage and swelling, the condition can require immediate surgery. __Expert tip:__ If you notice swelling near your horse’s abdominal area (umbilical) or between their hind legs (inguinal) that changes size, feels firm or seems to cause pain, do not wait to act. Hernias can advance quickly from manageable conditions to emergencies, and early veterinary evaluation is always required for the best possible outcome. ### __What Are Symptoms of Hernias in Horses?__ Hernia symptoms vary from case to case, depending on the type, size and whether the tissue is trapped or compromised. Some hernias are subtle and often only discovered during handling, while others present as obvious swelling and signs of pain or distress.   If you suspect your horse has a hernia, common symptoms to watch for include: - __Visible swelling or bulge:__ A soft or firm lump may appear in various areas, including the umbilicus, groin or abdominal wall. Swelling can increase or decrease as the horse moves or as its position changes. - __Pain or sensitivity to touch:__ The horse may flinch, move away or show noticeable signs of discomfort when the affected area is touched. - __Changes in behavior or appetite:__ Horses with a hernia can show signs of restlessness, dullness, reduced appetite, reluctance to move and changes in posture. This is more common in horses with more serious conditions. - __Signs of systemic illness:__ In severe cases, horses may have a fever, increased heart rate or become lethargic. This usually occurs when blood flow is compromised or there is intestinal damage caused by the hernia. - __Abdominal distress symptoms:__ If the hernia involves intestinal tissue, your horse may show signs of colic (abdominal pain), including pawing, rolling, kicking at their belly or repeatedly lying down and getting up. __Expert tip:__ If you suspect your horse has a hernia, avoid manipulating or firmly pressing the swollen area. Document what you see (photos are best) and contact your vet promptly, so they can assess urgency without risking further injury. ### __How Do Vets Diagnose Hernias in Horses?__ Your vet will use a combination of tests to determine if your horse has a hernia, the type and the severity. Because equine hernias range from simple, harmless bulges to complex conditions that may warrant emergency care, an accurate diagnosis is the first step toward successful treatment.  Common steps in the diagnostic process include: - __Physical examination:__ The vet will carefully examine the swelling, including location, size and whether it can be gently reduced. During the examination, the vet will also assess the animal’s comfort level and check for signs of pain, heat and inflammation. - __Medical history review:__ Information about when the swelling first appeared, how it has changed over time and any recent trauma or foaling history helps vets narrow the diagnosis. - __Rectal exam:__ For hernias suspected of involving the intestines, a rectal exam may be performed to feel for abnormal positioning or trapped bowel loops. This test is primarily reserved for adult horses. In foals, rectal examination is not performed due to the fragility of rectal tissue and the significant risk of perforation, which can be fatal. Assessment of suspected hernias in young animals relies more heavily on ultrasound, which provides excellent soft tissue visualization without this risk. - __Ultrasound imaging:__ One of the most important tools for diagnosing hernias, ultrasounds enable vets to clearly see soft tissue structures. This allows them to determine what is contained within the hernia and assess blood flow or signs of vascular compromise. - __Additional imaging (complex cases):__ Advanced imaging techniques, such as X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans\*, may be used to get a more detailed view of internal structures. This step is rare and generally used only in specific cases, such as when abdominal contents shift into the chest cavity. The results from these tests guide a veterinarian’s decision on whether the condition can be managed conservatively or requires urgent, surgical attention. Complex or surgical cases should be referred to a board-certified equine surgeon (Dipl. ACVS) or veterinary teaching hospital equipped for equine surgery.  *\*CT imaging in horses requires general anesthesia and specialized equipment, and it is reserved for complex or unusual cases where standard imaging is insufficient. It is not a routine diagnostic tool for equine hernias, and it is available only at select veterinary teaching hospitals or large referral centers. Ultrasound remains the primary and most accessible imaging tool for hernia assessment.* __Expert tip:__ Usually, the sooner a vet evaluates a suspected hernia, the more treatment options are available. Delaying assessment can limit care, especially if the tissue becomes trapped or compromised. Therefore, it is best to always seek medical attention right away if you suspect your horse has a hernia. ### __How Are Equine Hernias Treated?__ The approach to treating hernias is largely based on the type, size, the horse’s age, current health status and whether any organs or tissues are at risk of losing blood supply. In some cases, careful monitoring is sufficient; in others, correction is required. Treatment decisions are tailored to the individual horse, with the primary goals always being to restore normal function as safely as possible. If your horse has a hernia, one or more of the following approaches may be recommended: #### Monitoring (Conservative Management) For small, uncomplicated hernias, especially umbilical hernias in foals, close observation and monitoring over time are often the recommended course of action. If the opening is small and the hernia does not progress in size or cause discomfort, a veterinarian may determine that conservative management is best. The standard timeline for umbilical hernia closure is 4 months; more invasive measures are needed if the condition persists beyond that timeframe.  Over several weeks to months, the animal is regularly reassessed by a vet to track changes in the hernia. Many umbilical hernias will reduce naturally as the foal’s abdominal muscles strengthen and may be managed with frequent manual reduction and close monitoring. However, the appropriate window for watchful waiting varies with hernia size and the individual horse – your veterinarian will determine when surgical evaluation is warranted. Owners should not assume that waiting beyond a few months is always safe without veterinary reassessment, as delaying intervention in a non-resolving hernia narrows treatment options and increases complication risk.  #### Manual Reduction In select cases, the vet may be able to manually reduce the hernia. This treatment involves gently and carefully guiding the protruding tissue back into place, but it is only an option when the tissue is not trapped or damaged. Pushing the hernia contents back into the abdomen several times daily helps to stimulate ring closure in small hernias.  It is important to understand that manual reduction alone does not repair the underlying defect. The opening in the abdominal wall remains, and without surgical closure, the hernia will typically recur. Manual reduction is a supportive measure – sometimes performed by owners at home to push the hernia contents back into the abdomen – not a definitive treatment. Surgical correction is almost always ultimately required for hernias that do not close spontaneously. Recovery after manual reduction is relatively short, as long as the hernia remains stable. Horses are typically observed closely for 24 to 72 hours to ensure the tissue stays in place and no further pain or swelling occurs. Activity is often restricted for at least 1 to 2 weeks to reduce strain on the weakened area and allow inflammation to subside.  #### Surgery For most cases, surgery is the recommended treatment, especially for larger hernias (greater than 2 inches in diameter), inguinal hernias or cases involving trapped tissue. Surgery is also the recommended treatment if a small hernia has not improved by the time the foal is 4 months old. The procedure entails returning the displaced tissue to its proper position and closing the defect in the muscle or abdominal wall to prevent recurrence. Surgery becomes more urgent when the intestines become trapped in the defect, and tissue loses blood flow and begins to die. Intense, unexplained pain, rapid heart rate and signs of shock are red flags that tissue is dying. These cases are considered critical because delays can lead to serious, irreversible complications. __Expert tip:__ Never attempt to manage or reduce a hernia yourself, as improper handling can increase risk and complicate the repair. Hernia treatment should only be performed by a veterinarian.  ### __How Do Horses Recover After Hernia Treatment?__ If a vet deems surgery necessary to treat a hernia, careful post-operative management is critical to ensure a full recovery. In the initial days following the procedure, your vet will advise you to keep your animal in a controlled environment with restricted movement to prevent strain on the repaired area. Depending on how well a horse is recovering, rest may be recommended for several weeks, followed by a gradual return to light exercise.  Veterinarians may prescribe [antibiotics](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/horse-antibiotics), including [penicillin G injectable](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/product/durvet-pen-aqueous-100-ml-2206759) or [trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SMZ Sulfa Trimethoprim tablet)](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/product/smz-sulfa-trimethoprim-tablet-2545061), and [non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/horse-anti-inflammatory-pain-medications), such as [flunixin meglumine (Banamine®)](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/search/flunixin%20meglumine?isIntSrch=written) or [phenylbutazone (Butequine™ Phenylbutazone Pase for Horses](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/product/butequine-%28phenylbutazone%29-paste-for-horses-60-ml-2544397)__)__. These drugs aid recovery by reducing swelling and helping prevent infection and secondary complications. Throughout the recovery timeline, the horse should be regularly inspected for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, heat, discharge or an unusual odor. Wound care and fly repellent are other key elements of the recovery process following hernia surgery. To keep the incision site clean, your vet may recommend wound care and antiseptic supplies, including F10 Antiseptic Wound Spray with Insecticide (benzalkonium chloride, polyhexanide, cypermethrin), [Farnam Wound-Kote® spray](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/product/farnam-wound-kote-blue-lotion-spray-wound-dressing-5-oz-5022243) and general wound antiseptic sprays ([Vetericyn®](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/product/vetericyn-wound-skin-care-16-oz-1160031) and similar). Other recommended solutions include: - Fly repellent sprays for wound sites - Wound powder and dressings - [Fly masks](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/horse-fly-masks) and wound covers - [Fly control products for barn and stable environments](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/barn-premise-fly-control) (sprays, traps and premise treatments) __Expert tip:__ Even if an equine hernia is deemed a minor condition by a veterinarian, never assume it will stay that way. Regularly monitor the bulge, track any changes and keep your vet informed, so they can accurately determine whether further examination or treatment is needed. ### __How Do You Prevent Hernias in Horses?__ Not all hernias can be prevented, especially those caused by congenital defects or accidental, unavoidable trauma. However, there are several best practices horse owners can incorporate into their equine care plans or routines, helping to reduce risk and catch signs before problems become serious.   Key prevention strategies worth considering include: - __Careful breeding:__ While there may be a heritable component to umbilical hernias in certain breeds, the evidence for a strong genetic link is not conclusive. Breeding decisions involving horses with a personal or family history of hernias should be made in consultation with a veterinarian, not based on a general rule. - __Early foal checks:__ Newborn foals should be examined shortly after birth for any abnormal swelling at the umbilical area. Early assessment by a vet will help determine whether a hernia can be monitored closely or will require intervention. - __Safe environments:__ Reducing the risk of trauma or accidents also helps to reduce the risk of hernias, especially in young or active horses. Secure [fencing](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/horse-field-fencing) (trauma risk reduction), safe [stable hardware](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/horse-stable-hardware-equipment) and pasture conditions and minimizing overcrowding can help prevent injuries that may lead to abdominal wall weakness. - __Proper handling and training:__ Avoiding rough handling, particularly around the abdomen and groin area, can decrease unnecessary strain on vulnerable tissues. Training programs should be gradual and well-managed to prevent sudden physical stress. - __Maintaining healthy body condition:__ Overweight horses or those that fluctuate in weight suddenly may place additional strain on their abdominal anatomy. A balanced diet consisting of [horse feed](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/horse-feed) and [hay](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/hay-forage), along with regular exercise, helps to support healthy body frames and muscle integrity. - __Routine vet check-ups:__ Regular exams performed by a trained animal doctor help identify subtle abnormalities early, including small hernias that might otherwise go unnoticed. __Expert tip:__ The best prevention is awareness and knowing how your horse’s body should look under normal conditions. This makes it easier for you to spot small changes before they progress into bigger issues.  ### __Frequently Asked Questions About Hernias in Horses__ __Can a horse live with a hernia?__ Yes, many horses live with a hernia when it is small and deemed uncomplicated by a vet. This is often the case with umbilical hernias in foals. However, even minor hernias should be closely monitored, as they can change over time and become more serious. __Are hernias in horses an emergency?__ They can be, but not all are considered medical emergencies. Hernias in horses become emergencies if tissue becomes trapped or loses its blood supply. Sudden swelling, discomfort and signs of abdominal pain and distress should always be evaluated immediately by a veterinarian.  __What causes hernias in horses?__  Hernias can have several causes. The condition can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired later in life. When a horse develops a hernia at an older age, common causes can include weak abdominal muscles, trauma, foaling complications or excessive strain on the body.  __How do I tell if a hernia is getting worse?__ Signs indicating that the hernia is progressing include an increase in size, firmness, pain when touched or changes in the horse’s behavior or appetite. Any rapid change should be documented and assessed by a veterinarian.  ### __Support Equine Health with Tractor Supply’s Horse Pharmacy__ Hernias in horses can range from minor conditions to serious medical emergencies, but understanding the different types, symptoms and treatment options allows you to act promptly and responsibly. Staying observant, informed and proactive plays a key role in your animal’s long-term health and comfort. Be prepared for whatever Life Out Here brings with [Tractor Supply’s horse pharmacy](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/horse-care?filter=2b1%7CY), which includes trusted prescriptions and other [horse health and wellness products](https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/catalog/horse-health-wellness) that help make a difference.  Get the top deals, latest trends and more Sign up for emails from Tractor Supply today. 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